Transnational Organized Crime: the required Interconnection of States in their International Environment
"Ethics and Deontology" Journal,
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): "Ethics and Deontology" Journal
Abstract
Transnational Organized Crime is one of the most nowadays global serious problems affecting Humanity, States, Governments in the most different areas. Nowadays, in a global context, there are multiple international criminal organizations, individual criminals, as well as States and Governments involved, supporting, and promoting conditions to implement the Transnational Organized Crime. So, this complex problem involves all kind of criminals as victims. The International Organizations, as United Nations and the Council of Europe, as most of the juridical and judicial systems of the States, recognize, prevent, and fight against this criminality, but as one of the worst threats globally, the difficulties are more relevant due the higher capacities of the criminals enrolled in the Transnational Organized Crime. So, through the results of this research, we can affirm the real combat and the effective protection of millions of human beings, the (re)education of the Public Opinion, the (re)action of the States, the crucial interconnection within States and Governments, as the need of denouncing (individuals, groups, states, governments) those who are under this criminality that surpass the borders, is done with multiple violence, blaming all and allow the justice happen. The Transnational International Crime is one of the most serious threats, everywhere and each moment, so it´s fundamental to avoid the “normalization” and the relieve the (re)action meaning the out-of-control evolution, escalation and its dissemination. It is ethical that everyone must assume their responsibility. The law (state and international) as the Justice have to be a reality around the world.
Keywords
- Aaronson, E., & Shaffer, G. (2021). Defining Crimes in a Global Age: Criminalization as a Transnational Legal Process. Law & Social Inquiry, 46(2), 455-486. doi:10.1017/lsi.2020.42
- Albanese, J. (2015). Organized Crime – from the mob to the Transnational Organized Crime. (7th Edition). Routledge.
- Cepik, M, Borba, P. (2011). Organized crime, the state and international security. Contexto Int. 22 (2). https://www.scielo.br/j/cint/a/yc9kXFhYxqNPJXDJHNPPBNB/#
- Europol. (2022). European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2022. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. www.europol.europa.eu
- Frontex. (2022). European Border and Coast Guard Agency. FRONTEX in Brief -2021. doi: 10.2819/039733
- GITOC. (2021). Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. Global Organized Crime Index, https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/ocindex-2021/
- GITOC. (2022). Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, Insurgency Illicit Markets and Corruption. The Cabo Delgado conflict and its regional implications. https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/mozambique-cabo-delgado-conflict/
- Human Rights Watch. (2022). 32nd Annual World Report. www.hrw.org
- Koope, A. (2023). Mapped: the State of Democracy around the world. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/state-of-democracy-around-the-world-2023/
- Matwijkiw., A. (2020). Introduction. International Criminal Law (icl), International Criminal Justice (icj), and Public International Law (pil): The Demarcation Debate. International Criminal Law Review, n. 20. Pp 745-758. www.brill.com/icla
- SOCTA. (2021). Serious Organized Crime Threat Assessment – 2021. https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/main-reports/socta-report
- Walker, S., & Botero Respero, M. (2022). Report: Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. Ilicit economices and armed conflict. Ten dynamics that drive instability. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/GMFA-Illicit-economies-28Jan-web.pdf
References
Aaronson, E., & Shaffer, G. (2021). Defining Crimes in a Global Age: Criminalization as a Transnational Legal Process. Law & Social Inquiry, 46(2), 455-486. doi:10.1017/lsi.2020.42
Albanese, J. (2015). Organized Crime – from the mob to the Transnational Organized Crime. (7th Edition). Routledge.
Cepik, M, Borba, P. (2011). Organized crime, the state and international security. Contexto Int. 22 (2). https://www.scielo.br/j/cint/a/yc9kXFhYxqNPJXDJHNPPBNB/#
Europol. (2022). European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2022. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. www.europol.europa.eu
Frontex. (2022). European Border and Coast Guard Agency. FRONTEX in Brief -2021. doi: 10.2819/039733
GITOC. (2021). Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. Global Organized Crime Index, https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/ocindex-2021/
GITOC. (2022). Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, Insurgency Illicit Markets and Corruption. The Cabo Delgado conflict and its regional implications. https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/mozambique-cabo-delgado-conflict/
Human Rights Watch. (2022). 32nd Annual World Report. www.hrw.org
Koope, A. (2023). Mapped: the State of Democracy around the world. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/state-of-democracy-around-the-world-2023/
Matwijkiw., A. (2020). Introduction. International Criminal Law (icl), International Criminal Justice (icj), and Public International Law (pil): The Demarcation Debate. International Criminal Law Review, n. 20. Pp 745-758. www.brill.com/icla
SOCTA. (2021). Serious Organized Crime Threat Assessment – 2021. https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/main-reports/socta-report
Walker, S., & Botero Respero, M. (2022). Report: Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. Ilicit economices and armed conflict. Ten dynamics that drive instability. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/GMFA-Illicit-economies-28Jan-web.pdf